人口普查數據首次揭示 LGBT+ 人群
資料來源：LGBT 記者 Lauren Moss 和 LGBT 製片人 Josh Parry/ 1月6日/英國廣播公司新聞/財團法人台灣紅絲帶基金會編譯
圖片來源，蓋蒂圖片社。圖片說明：2021 年的人口普查首次詢問人們的性別認同和性取向
人口普查數據首次顯示，英格蘭和威爾斯有超過 130 萬人是女同性戀、男同性戀或雙性戀。
對於 16 歲及以上的人，超過 1.5%（748,000 人）認為自己是男同性戀或女同性戀，624,000 (1.3%) 人是雙性戀。
大約 165,000 人將其視為「其他」性取向。
262,000 人 (0.5%) 表示他們的性別認同與出生時登記的性別不同。
這是第一次向人們詢問性取向和性別認同的人口普查。
• 什麼是人口普查，我需要填寫嗎？
• 不到一半的人口是第一次表示是基督徒
• LGBTQQIAAP（註）代表什麼？
2021 年 3 月 21 日在英格蘭和威爾斯進行的人口普查提供了人口概況。 英格蘭和威爾斯的總人口約為 5,960 萬。
在發布之前，政府表示，這些信息將提供有關不平等現象的證據，以解決歧視問題，並改進有關男女同性戀和雙性戀者的醫療保健、教育、就業、住房和社會服務的決策。
完成人口普查的這一部分是自願的。
地域差異
布萊頓 (Brighton) 和霍夫 (Hove) 是擁有最高百分比 (10.7%) 的“LGB+”（女同性戀、男同性戀、雙性戀或任何非異性戀性取向）人群的地方當局。
前 10 名中的其他 7 個地方當局是在倫敦。
在威爾斯，加的夫 (Cardiff) 是 LGB+ 人口最多的地方當局 (5.3%)。
倫敦是英國地區中表示自己的性別認同與出生時登記的性別不同的比例最高的地區 (0.91%)。 西南地區是百分比最低的地區 (0.42%)。
與英格蘭和威爾士其他地區相比，倫敦的跨性別男性 (0.16%) 和跨性別女性 (0.16%) 比例也更高。
在英格蘭和威爾斯加入關於性別認同的自願問題的決定受到一些慈善機構的歡迎，認為這是「朝著正確方向邁出的一步」。
研究顯示，在以前的人口普查中只問一個關於一個人的性別的問題，對於一些認為它不適用於他們的參與者來說是一個「障礙」。
較小規模的調查顯示，目前英格蘭和威爾斯只有不到 2% 的人口認定為女同性戀或男同性戀。
此前，政府估計英國有 20 萬至 50 萬跨性別者。
人口普查受訪者被問及有關性取向的自願問題，以及他們的性別認同是否與出生時登記的性別不同。
約有 360 萬人 (7.5%) 沒有回答有關性取向的問題，而 290 萬人 (6.0%) 選擇不透露自己的性別認同。
回答的人可以從異性戀、男同性戀、女同性戀和雙性戀等選項中進行選擇。 他們還可以選擇「其他」，並填寫描述其性取向的文本框。
在選擇「其他性取向」的人中：
• 112,000 (0.23%) 被確定為泛性戀者
• 28,000 (0.06%) 人稱自己為無性戀者
• 15,000 (0.03%) 人表示他們是酷兒
• 10,000 (0.02%) 人以不同的性取向書寫
受訪者還被問及他們的性別認同是否與出生時登記的性別相符。那些選擇「否」的人被要求填寫一個描述他們性別認同的文本框。
這些：
• 118,000 (0.24%) 選擇「否」但未提供書面答復。
• 48,000 (0.10%) 人被認定為跨性別男性，同樣數量的人被認定為跨性別女性。
• 30,000 (0.06%) 被確定為非二元性別，這是對那些不完全確定為男性或女性的人的總稱。
• 18,000 (0.04%) 人寫下了不同的性別認同。
那些 16 歲或以上不希望將他們的答案透露給其他家庭成員的人，可以提交一份單獨的表格以匿名回答。
負責進行人口普查的國家統計局 (ONS) 人口主任 Jen Woolford 表示，這些數據將有助於「解決 LGBT+ 社區的不平等問題」。
她說：「我們提出這些問題是為了反映我們的社會變得更加多樣化，但也因為現在顧客明確需要更多關於這種多樣性和我們人口豐富度的信息」。
「里程碑時刻」
格拉斯哥大學研究員兼 LGBT 數據專家 Kevin Guyan 博士稱該信息為「包容性的里程碑時刻」。
他敦促將這些數字用於造福社區。
「這些數據本身不會解決對許多 LGBT 人群產生負面影響的問題，例如生活成本危機、獲得醫療保健和負擔得起的住房」，他說。 「它必須被理解為更長期變革項目的第一步」。
總部位於曼徹斯特的慈善機構 LGBT 基金會的發言人馬修.貝爾菲爾德表示，這些數據將幫助他們更好地在全國範圍內提供針對性服務。
他說：「曼徹斯特是 LGBTQ+ 社區的熱點，但其他社區就沒那麼幸運了」。
「透過在國家層面提出此類問題，這意味著資源將以正確的方式分配，他們的社區的需求將得到滿足」。
圖片來源，GEMMA LAISTER，BBC。圖片說明，LGBT基金會的馬修貝爾菲爾德表示，這將有助於慈善機構更好地分配資源
蘇格蘭的人口普查因大流行而推遲，但其答復預計將在今年晚些時候公佈。
北愛爾蘭沒有包含有關性別認同的問題。 對性取向問題的答復也將於今年公佈。
• 雙性戀更加明顯，但在安全方面「要做到」
• 「那天我告訴男朋友我不是二元性別的」
• 50 歲的驕傲：「有一種頑皮的感覺」
有關年齡組和種族如何與這些數字相交的信息尚未發布。 然而，之前的調查發現，16-24 歲的人更有可能被認定為女同性戀、男同性戀或雙性戀，而且近年來，被認定為完全異性戀的人數逐漸減少。
加拿大是迄今為止唯一發布了與性別認同相關數據的國家。
紐西蘭也將在 2023 年的人口普查中納入類似問題。
Christine Jeavans、Helena Rosiecka 和 Jana Tauschinski 的數據新聞
（註）LGBTQQIAAP:
隨著性別平等發展，各種性少數都能得到包容和尊重。讓我們一起了解這些英文代表什麼意義。
Lesbian: 女同志，受到女性吸引的女性。
Gay:男同志，受到男性吸引的男性。有時候也泛指整個同志族群。
Bisexual:雙性戀，受到不止一個性別吸引的人。
Transgender: 跨性別，社會性別認同與生理性別不一樣的人。
Queer:酷兒，不想要用男女二分，或是用異同性戀區隔，不希望被用性關係來區別的人。
Questioning: 疑性戀，還不確定或是正在探索自己性別和性向的人。
Intersex: 雙性人，出生下來具有雙性性徵的人。
Ally: 直同志，支持同志社群和平權運動的異性戀者。
Asexual: 無性戀，對於任何性別都沒有性吸引感覺的人
Pansexual: 泛性戀，性吸引不是來自性別，而是專注在對方的人格特質。這樣的人可能性別是流動的，也是挑戰二分的異性戀或同性戀。
Census data reveals LGBT+ populations for first time
6 January/ BBC New
IMAGE SOURCE,GETTY IMAGES
Image caption, The 2021 census was the first to ask people about their gender identity and sexual orientation
sBy Lauren Moss, LGBT correspondent & Josh Parry, LGBT producer
BBC New
More than 1.3 million people in England and Wales identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual, census data has revealed for the first time.
For people aged 16 and over, more than 1.5% – 748,000 – identify as gay or lesbian, and 624,000 (1.3%) as bisexual.
Some 165,000 people identify as “other” sexual orientations.
And 262,000 people (0.5%) said their gender identity was different from their sex registered at birth.
This is the first census that has asked people about their sexual orientation and gender identity.
•What is a census and do I need to complete it??
•Less than half of population Christian for first time
•What does LGBTQQIAAP stand for?
The census, which took place in England and Wales on 21 March 2021, offers a snapshot of the population. The total population of England and Wales is about 59.6 million.
Before it was circulated, the government said the information would provide evidence about inequalities to tackle discrimination and improve decisions made about health care, education, employment, housing and social services for lesbian, gay and bisexual people.
Completing this section of the census was voluntary.
Geographical variation
Brighton and Hove was the local authority with the highest percentage (10.7%) of people identifying as “LGB+”, – lesbian, gay, bisexual or any non-heterosexual sexual orientation.
Seven of the other local authorities in the top 10 were in London.
In Wales, Cardiff was the local authority with the biggest LGB+ population (5.3%).
London was the English region with the highest percentage of people who said their gender identity was different from their sex registered at birth (0.91%). The South West was the region with the lowest percentage (0.42%).
London also had higher proportions of people identifying as transgender men (0.16%) and trans women (0.16%) when compared with the rest of England and Wales.
The decision to include a voluntary question about gender identity in England and Wales was welcomed by some charities as a “step in the right direction”.
Research suggested that asking just the one question in previous censuses about a person’s sex was a “barrier” to some taking part who felt it did not apply to them.
Smaller surveys have indicated that less than 2% of the population of England and Wales currently identify as lesbian or gay.
Previously the government estimated there to be between 200,000 and 500,000 transgender people in the UK.
Census respondents were asked voluntary questions about their sexual orientation, and whether their gender identity is different from their sex registered at birth.
Around 3.6 million people (7.5%) did not answer the question on sexual orientation, while 2.9 million (6.0%) chose not to disclose their gender identity.
Those who did answer were able to select from options including heterosexual, gay, lesbian and bisexual. They could also select “other” and fill in a text box describing their sexual orientation.
Of those who selected “other sexual orientation”:
•112,000 (0.23%) identified as pansexual
•28,000 (0.06%) described themselves as asexual
•15,000 (0.03%) said they were queer
•10,000 (0.02%) wrote in a different sexual orientation
Respondents were also asked whether their gender identity matched their sex registered at birth. Those who selected “no” were asked to fill in a text box describing their gender identity.
Of these:
•118,000 (0.24%) selected “No” but did not provide a written response.
•48,000 (0.10%) identified as trans men, with the same number identifying as trans women.
•30,000 (0.06%) identified as non-binary, an umbrella term for those who do not identify as exclusively male or female.
•18,000 (0.04%) wrote down a different gender identity.
Those aged 16 or over who did not wish for their answers to be revealed to other members of their household were able to submit a separate form to keep their answers anonymous.
Jen Woolford, Population Director for the Office for National Statistics (ONS), the body responsible for carrying out the census, said the data will help to “tackle inequalities” in the LGBT+ community.
She said: “We’ve introduced those questions as a reflection of of our society becoming more diverse, but also because there are now clear user needs for more information on that kind of diversity and the richness of our population.
‘Landmark moment’
Dr Kevin Guyan, Research Fellow at the University of Glasgow and LGBT data expert, has called the information a “landmark moment for inclusion”.
He urged that the figures be used to benefit communities.
“The data will not, on its own, address issues negatively impacting many LGBT people such as the cost-of-living crisis, access to healthcare and affordable housing,” he said. “It must be understood as the first step in a longer project of change.”
Matthew Belfield, spokesperson for Manchester-based charity the LGBT Foundation, said the data will help them better target services across the country.
He said: “Manchester is such a hot spot for the LGBTQ+ community, but other communities aren’t so lucky.
“By asking these type of questions on a national level, it means that resources will be allocated in the correct way, that their communities will have their needs addressed.”
IMAGE SOURCE,GEMMA LAISTER, BBC
Image caption,The LGBT Foundation’s Matthew Belfield said it would help the charity to better allocate resources
Scotland’s census was delayed due to the pandemic, but its responses are expected to be released later this year.
Northern Ireland’s didn’t include a question about gender identity. The responses to its question on sexual orientation are also due to be published this year.
•Bisexuality more visible but ‘work to do’ on safety
•’The day I told my boyfriend I was non-binary’
•Pride at 50: ‘There was a sense of naughtiness’
Information about how age groups and ethnicity intersect with these figures hasn’t yet been released. However, previous surveys found 16-24-year-olds are more likely to identify as lesbian, gay or bisexual, and in recent years there has been a small gradual decline in the number of people identifying as exclusively straight.
Canada is the only other country so far to have released data related to gender identity.
New Zealand will also include similar questions in its census in 2023.
Data journalism by Christine Jeavans, Helena Rosiecka and Jana Tauschinski