微生物對抗生素產生耐藥性
資料來源：2022 年 11 月 25 日 / 科學對話 / 世界衛生組織 / 財團法人台灣紅絲帶基金會編譯
概述
細菌、真菌和病毒等微生物正在對抗生素等藥物產生耐藥性。 世衛組織已宣布抗微生物藥物之耐藥性已成為全球健康和發展威脅。我們如何才能阻止抗菌素耐藥性？ Hanan Balkhy 博士在 Science in 5 中解釋。
Vismita Gupta-Smith – 世衛組織通訊
世衛組織認為抗微生物藥物之耐藥性是一種發展和全球健康上的威脅。 什麼是抗菌素耐藥性？我們正在採取哪些行動來加速這一進程，我們可以做些什麼來阻止它？
大家好，歡迎來到 Science in 5。我是 Vismita Gupta-Smith。 我們今天採訪的是 Hanan Balkhy 博士。 歡迎哈南。請向我們解釋抗菌素耐藥性。
Hanan Balkhy 博士 – 世衛組織抗微生物藥物耐藥 (AMR) 之助理秘書長
謝謝維斯米塔。 事實上，細菌、病毒、寄生蟲和真菌等病原體試圖找到巧妙的方法來避免想要阻止它們繁殖或阻止它們存在的藥物的作用。例如，如果我們關注細菌，抗生素就是藥劑。 它們是用於防止細菌增殖的藥物。
所以它們在某種程度上阻止了細菌的踪跡，或者它們實際上殺死了細菌。 我們現在看到的是，我們看到有許多問題導致細菌產生耐藥性，使它們變得更強大，並可能造成很多傷害。
Vismita Gupta-Smith – 世衛組織通訊
哈南，給我們解釋一下，我們正在做些什麼來加快這個過程？
Hanan Balkhy 博士 – 世衛組織抗微生物藥物耐藥 (AMR) 之助理秘書長
事實上，正如我所說，這些細菌想要生存。當他們接觸到這些抗生素時，他們實際上找到了抵抗抗生素影響的聰明方法。
所以我們所做的任何事情，無論我們是否在動物飼料中添加抗生素，抗生素是否洩漏到環境中，進入我們的水，進入我們的食物，以及當我們在沒有醫生處方的情況下故意和知情地服用抗生素，我們使用這些抗生素和沒有醫生處方，實際上是在協助和幫助這些細菌發展出防禦機制，換句話說，就是產生耐藥性。這就是為什麼我們與動物衛生、環境衛生和世衛組織合作，我們都在共同努力，這樣我們就可以找到減少使用抗生素的方法，並且只在需要時以適當的方式使用它們。
Vismita Gupta-Smith – 世衛組織通訊
Hanan，我們是否可以採取措施來防止這些細菌對我們的治療產生耐藥性？
Hanan Balkhy 博士 – 世衛組織抗微生物藥物耐藥 (AMR) 之助理秘書長
是的，關於解決方案，這非常重要，因為這是我們所有人聚集在一起的地方，無論是作為不同部門的人，了解我們可以做些什麼來阻止阻力的持續出現變得非常重要。 因此，在個人層面上，我認為那些有能力僅透過處方使用抗生素的人非常重要，這非常重要。因此，根據處方使用抗生素，正確遵守說明，不要一旦開始感覺好些就停藥，我認為這非常重要。不與家人分享您的抗生素，不為未來的疾病節省剩餘的抗生素療程。這些都是很簡單的問題，但是很重要。
例如，在醫療保健環境中，細菌的傳播以一種看不見的方式發生，但它確實發生在不同的患者之間、訪客與患者之間。因此，只有在必要時才去醫院，確保基本的手部衛生、打噴嚏時遮住口鼻的呼吸道禮儀、洗手或用酒精洗手液消毒。
順道提及，在 COVID 大流行期間，我們還學習到所有這些問題，我們日常生活中的基本衛生原則對於防止抗生素耐藥性和抗菌素耐藥性的傳播以及防止最終導致感染的傳播變得非常重要，而這些都會導致更大的處方和抗生素的使用。
所以這些是我們每天可以做的事情。 但是，我們正在制定一些流程，我們正在與不同的組織和國家合作，以確保我們不會使用抗生素作為對動物、人類和環境部門缺乏衛生時的補償。確保我們的環境健康和清潔，我們也照顧好自己，預防疾病和避免使用抗生素的必要性。當所有這些因素結合在一起時，期望我們將開始扭轉抗生素耐藥性曲線。
Vismita Gupta-Smith – 世衛組織通訊
謝謝哈南。 這是今天Science in 5的科學課。 直到下一次，持續保持安全，保持健康並堅持科學。
Microbes are becoming resistant to antibiotics
25 November 2022 / Science conversation / WHO
Summary
Microbes like bacteria, fungus and viruses are becoming resistant to medicines like antibiotics. WHO has declared antimicrobial resistance as a global health and developmental threat. How can we stop antimicrobial resistance? Dr Hanan Balkhy explains in Science in 5
Vismita Gupta-Smith – WHO Communications
WHO considers antimicrobial resistance a developmental and global health threat. What is antimicrobial resistance? What are the actions we are taking to speed this process and what can we do to stop it?
Hello and welcome to Science in 5. I’m Vismita Gupta-Smith. We are talking to Dr Hanan Balkhy today. Welcome Hanan. Explain antimicrobial resistance to us, please.
Dr Hanan Balkhy – Assistant Director-General for AMR, WHO
Thank you Vismita. In fact, pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, parasites and fungi try to find smart ways to avoid the effect of medications that want to stop their multiplication or prevent them from existing. If we focus on bacteria, for example, antibiotics are agents. They are medications that are used to prevent the multiplication.
So they kind of stop the bacteria in their tracks or they actually kill them off. And what we’re seeing now is we’re seeing with the many issues that are leading to the development of resistance in the bacteria that are making them more powerful and they can cause a lot of harm.
Vismita Gupta-Smith – WHO Communications
Hanan, explain to us, what are we doing to speed up this process?
Dr Hanan Balkhy – Assistant Director-General for AMR, WHO
The reality is that these, as I said, the bacteria, they want to survive. And whenever they’re exposed to these antibiotics, they actually find smart ways to resist the effects of the antibiotic.
So anything that we do, whether we add antibiotics in the animal feed, whether the antibiotics leak into the environment, into our water, into our food, and also when we intentionally and knowingly take antibiotics without a physician’s prescription, without a doctor’s prescription and we use these antibiotics, we are actually assisting and helping these bacteria to develop defensive mechanisms, which is, in other words, called resistance. And that’s why we work with the animal health, with the environmental health, and WHO we’re all working together so we can find ways to use antibiotics less and only use them when needed and in the appropriate way.
Vismita Gupta-Smith – WHO Communications
Hanan, are there actions we can take to prevent these germs from becoming resistant to our treatments?
Dr Hanan Balkhy – Assistant Director-General for AMR, WHO
Yes, on the solutions, it’s very important because this is where we all come together, whether as humans within the different sectors, it becomes very important that we are aware of what is it that we can do to stop the continued emergence of resistance. So at the individual level, I think it’s very important that those who have the ability to only use antibiotics through a prescription, it’s very important. So using an antibiotic with a prescription, with the right compliance to the instructions and not stopping it once you start feeling better, I think that’s very important. Not sharing your antibiotics with your family members, not saving the remaining of your antibiotic course for a future illness. All these are simple issues, but they’re very important.
For example, in the health care setting, where the spread of bacteria takes place in a very invisible fashion, but it does take place between the different patients, between visitors and patients. So visiting hospitals only when necessary, making sure that the basics of hand hygiene, of the respiratory etiquette covering your mouth and nose when sneezing, washing your hands or sanitizing them with the alcohol hand gels.
All of these issues that we also learned, by the way, during the COVID pandemic, the basic hygiene principles in our daily life become very important to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial resistance as well, and prevents the spread of infection that eventually leads to the larger prescriptions and use of antibiotics.
So those are the things that we can do on a daily basis. But there are processes that we are putting in place that we are working together with the different organizations and with the countries to make sure that we’re not using antibiotics as a compensation for a lack of hygiene when it comes to the animal, human and environmental sectors. That we make sure that our environment is healthy and clean and that we also take care of ourselves, preventing illnesses and preventing the necessity to use antibiotics. So all of these factors combined together. Hopefully, we will start bending the curve on antibiotic resistance.
Vismita Gupta-Smith – WHO Communications
Thank you Hanan. That was Science in 5 today. Until next time, then stay safe, stay healthy and stick with science.