英國的愛滋病毒
資料來源：Abbey Stanford / 2022 年 8 月/aidsmap / 財團法人台灣紅絲帶基金會編譯
圖片：Domizia Salusest | www.domiziasalusest.com
• 根據最近的統計，英國約有 106,890 名愛滋病毒感染者。
• 新的愛滋病毒診斷正在減少。
• 在英國，大多數愛滋病毒感染者正在接受治療，並且病毒載量檢測不到。
• 男同性戀、雙性戀男性和非洲黑人比其他人群更容易受到愛滋病毒的影響。
英國第一例報告的愛滋病毒病例是在 1980 年代初，從那時起發生了很多變化。在這裡，我們回答了一些關於英國 HIV 的常見問題。如果您居住在英格蘭，您可以在我們的互動網站 HIV Lens 上找到更多信息，包括您所在地區的 HIV 信息。
愛滋病在英國有多普遍？
據估計，2020 年英國有 106,890 名愛滋病毒感染者。每 1000 人中只有不到 2 人。在英國，大約 96% 的接受愛滋病毒照護的人居住在英格蘭，其中 41% 居住在倫敦。
每年有多少人被診斷出感染艾滋病毒？
2020 年，英國有 2,766 人被診斷出感染了愛滋病毒。新診斷的人數從 2005 年的峰值 7,892 人開始下降超過 15 年。
流行病學最新消息和研究
大多數 HIV 感染者 (95%) 都知道自己的狀況，因為他們已被診斷出來。但據認為，大約 5% 的愛滋病毒感染者尚未被診斷出來。這大約是5,150人。
英國每年新的愛滋病毒診斷
HIV最常見的傳播方式是什麼？
性傳播是 2020 年英國大多數新的 HIV 診斷的原因。這些診斷中約有一半來自異性性行為，大約一半來自男性之間的性行為。
愛滋病毒也可以通過注射毒品和分娩時從母親傳給嬰兒，但這種情況不太常見。
英國每年的愛滋病毒傳播方式
您可以查看更多有關使用 HIV Lens 在英國隨時間發生變化的信息。
在英國，有多少被診斷出患有 HIV 的人正在接受治療？
在英國，幾乎所有（99%）被診斷出感染艾滋病毒的人都在接受治療。
在英國接受 HIV 治療的人數比例
接受治療的人中約有 97% 的病毒載量無法檢測到。無法檢測到病毒載量意味著病毒無法複製。這很重要，因為它可以讓您的免疫系統變得更強大並抵抗感染。這也意味著您的體液中沒有足夠的 HIV 病毒可以在性交過程中將 HIV 傳播給其他人。這通常被稱為「檢測不到等於無法傳播」或“U=U”。
您可以查看更多關於使用 HIV Lens 接受治療的不同 HIV 感染者群體的數量和比例的信息。
愛滋病毒如何影響不同的人群？
任何人都可能感染愛滋病毒，但某些人群比其他人群受到的影響更大。
在英格蘭，男同性戀和雙性戀男性約佔接受 HIV 照護人員的 46%。但是，該組中的新診斷數量一直在顯著下降。這是因為 HIV 檢測、及時治療和 PrEP（預防 HIV 的藥物）的大量使用。 2015 年，男同性戀和雙性戀男性約佔新診斷出愛滋病毒感染者的 50%，但到 2020 年，這一比例已降至 36%。
一般來說，感染愛滋病毒的男性多於女性。 2020 年，在英國接受 HIV 照護的所有人中，68% 是男性，31% 是女性。 117 人 (0.1%) 是跨性別者或性別多樣化者。
非洲黑人也受到不成比例的影響。到 2020 年，他們佔接受愛滋病毒照護的人約 29% 和新診斷個案的約 19%，但僅佔英國總人口的約 2%。
您可以使用 HIV Lens 查看有關 HIV 如何影響英格蘭不同人群的更多信息。
哪個年齡組受愛滋病毒影響最大？
在英國，獲得 HIV 照護的人中，超過一半 (53%) 的年齡在 25 至 49 歲之間。由於現在許多人的 HIV 感染者壽命更長、生活更健康，因此獲得照護的人之年齡正在增加。 2012 年，只有 25% 的人超過 50 歲，但到 2020 年，這一比例約為 45%。
在英國，大多數 (66%) 的新 HIV 診斷病例發生在 25 至 49 歲的人群中。但自 2015 年以來，50 歲以上人群的新診斷病例數量一直在增加，2020 年他們約佔被診斷出患有愛滋病毒的人的 23%。
25 歲以下的人僅佔新診斷的 10% 左右。
2020 年英格蘭 HIV 診斷年齡
您可以使用 HIV Lens 查看有關 HIV 診斷如何按年齡分佈的更多信息。
誰最有可能被確診較晚？
2020 年，英格蘭新診斷出艾滋病毒的人中約有 42% 被確診為晚期。這意味著一旦他們的免疫系統已經被削弱，他們就會被診斷出感染了艾滋病毒。與同性戀和雙性戀男性相比，異性戀男性和女性的晚期診斷更為常見。與年輕人相比，老年人也更有可能被診斷得晚。
英國艾滋病毒的未來是什麼？
自 2005 年以來，英國被診斷出感染 HIV 的人數一直在減少。英國政府目前的目標是到 2030 年不再有新的 HIV 傳播。
實現這一目標的計劃包括：
• 增加測試
• 增加獲得預防方法的機會，例如 PrEP
• 確保盡可能多的艾滋病毒感染者獲得治療，從而防止艾滋病毒傳播。
通過接受抗艾滋病毒治療，人們可以過上健康長壽的生活。這也意味著，在英國，未來將包括很多感染艾滋病毒的人。
此頁面的最後一次審核是在 2022 年 8 月。它將於 2025 年 8 月進行審核。
HIV in the UK
Abbey Stanford / August 2022 / aidsmap
Domizia Salusest | www.domiziasalusest.com
•According to recent statistics, there are around 106,890 people living with HIV in the UK.
•New diagnoses of HIV are decreasing.
•Most people living with HIV in the UK are taking treatment and have an undetectable viral load.
•Gay and bisexual men and Black African people are more affected by HIV than other groups of people.
The first reported case of HIV in the UK was in the early 1980s and since then a lot has changed. Here we answer some common questions about HIV in the UK. If you live in England you can find more information, including information about HIV in your local area, on our interactive website HIV Lens.
How common is HIV in the UK?
In 2020 it was estimated that there are 106,890 people living with HIV in the UK. This is just under 2 in every 1000 people. Around 96% of the people accessing HIV care in the UK live in England and of those, 41% live in London.
How many people are diagnosed with HIV each year?
In 2020 there were 2766 people diagnosed with HIV in the UK. The number of people being newly diagnosed has been decreasing for over 15 years from a peak in 2005 of 7892.
The latest news and research on epidemiology
Most people with HIV (95%) know their status because they have been diagnosed. But it’s thought that around 5% of people with HIV haven’t been diagnosed. This is about 5150 people.
New HIV diagnoses in the UK by year
What are the most common ways HIV is passed on?
Sexual transmission was the reason for most of the new HIV diagnoses in the UK in 2020. Around half of these diagnoses were from heterosexual sex, and around half were from sex between men.
HIV can also be passed on by injecting drugs and from mother to baby during childbirth, but these are much less common.
Modes of HIV transmission in England by year
You can see more information about how this has changed over time in England using HIV Lens.
How many people diagnosed with HIV in the UK are receiving treatment?
Almost all (99%) of the people who have been diagnosed with HIV in the UK are receiving treatment.
Proportion of people receiving HIV treatment in the UK
Around 97% of people who are receiving treatment have an undetectable viral load. Having an undetectable viral load means that the virus can’t replicate. This is important because it allows your immune system to get stronger and fight off infections. It also means there isn’t enough HIV in your body fluids to pass on HIV to somebody else during sex. This is often referred to as ‘undetectable equals untransmittable’ or ‘U=U’.
You can see more information about the numbers and proportions of different groups of people with HIV who are receiving treatment using HIV Lens.
How does HIV affect different groups of people?
Anyone can get HIV, but some groups of people are more affected than others.
In England, gay and bisexual men make up around 46% of the people who access HIV care. However, the number of new diagnoses in this group has been falling significantly. This is because of the high uptake of HIV testing, prompt treatment and the use of PrEP (medication to prevent HIV). In 2015, gay and bisexual men made up around 50% of the people newly diagnosed with HIV, but in 2020 that had fallen to 36%.
In general, more men than women are living with HIV. Of everybody accessing HIV care in the UK in 2020, 68% were men and 31% were women. One hundred and seventeen people (0.1%) were transgender or gender diverse.
Black African people are also disproportionately affected. In 2020, they made up about 29% of the people accessing HIV care and around 19% of new diagnoses, but only around 2% of the general UK population.
You can see more information about how HIV affects different groups of people in England using HIV Lens.
Which age group is most affected by HIV?
Just over half (53%) of people accessing HIV care in the UK are between 25 and 49. Because many people are now living longer, healthier lives with HIV, the age of people accessing care is increasing. In 2012 only 25% were over 50, but in 2020 around 45% were.
In the UK, the majority (66%) of new HIV diagnoses are in people aged between 25 and 49. But the number of new diagnoses in people over 50 has been increasing since 2015. They made up around 23% of the people diagnosed with HIV in 2020.
People under 25 only make up around 10% of new diagnoses.
Age at HIV diagnosis in England in 2020
You can see more information about how HIV diagnoses are distributed by age using HIV Lens.
Who is most likely to be diagnosed late?
In 2020 around 42% of people who were newly diagnosed with HIV in England were diagnosed late. This means they were diagnosed with HIV once their immune system had already been weakened. Late diagnoses are more common in heterosexual men and women compared to gay and bisexual men. Older people are also more likely to be diagnosed late than younger people.
What is the future of HIV in the UK?
The number of people being diagnosed with HIV in the UK has been decreasing since 2005. The UK government currently has a goal of no new transmissions of HIV by 2030.
The plan for meeting this target involves:
•increasing testing
•increasing access to prevention methods such as PrEP
•making sure as many people with HIV as possible have access to treatment, which prevents HIV transmission.
By taking anti-HIV treatment, people can live long and healthy lives. This will also mean that in the UK, the future will include a lot of people living with well-controlled HIV.
This page was last reviewed in August 2022. It is due for review in August 2025.